Reflexiones acerca de la lengua escrita: de código sustitutivo a código adaptativo
Resumen
Resumen. La mayor parte de los lingüistas ha considerado tradicionalmente la escritura como un código de tipo sustitutivo. Sin embargo, la evolución moderna de la lingüística ha abierto un panorama favorable al reconocimiento de su autonomía y la equiparación con la lengua oral; aunque todavía no se ha profundizado suficientemente en sus capacidades adaptativas y su funcionamiento complejo. Los pocos trabajos que existen en esa dirección (v.g. Changizi y Shimojo 2005; Lock y Gers 2012) no se fundamentan en los enfoques lingüísticos y psicolingüísticos que abordan el fenómeno de la escritura. Por otra parte, la lingüística cognitiva y evolucionista parece mantener un cierto silencio escéptico sobre esta cuestión. En este trabajo pretendemos abrir una vía para abordar su estudio teórico como un sistema adaptativo dotado de un funcionamiento complejo semiautónomo -en conjunción con la lengua oral- a partir de los conocimientos que la lingüística actual posee sobre el fenómeno de la escritura.
Palabras clave: escritura, evolución de la escritura, sistemas adaptativos complejos
Reflections on the written language: From substitute code to adaptive code
Abstract. Most linguists have traditionally considered writing as a substitutive code. However, the modern evolution of linguistics has created a favourable background for the recognition of its autonomy and equality with spoken language. Despite this, its adaptive capacities and complex functioning have not still been studied in depth. The few authors who follow this line of research (eg Changizi and Shimojo 2005; Lock and Gers 2012) are not sufficiently based on linguistic and psycholinguistic approaches on the phenomenon of writing. Furthermore, cognitive and evolutionary linguistics seem to maintain a sceptical silence on this matter. This paper tries to pave the way for approaching its theoretical study as an adaptive system equipped with a semi-autonomous complex functioning -in conjunction with spoken language- on the basis of the knowledge that current linguistics holds on the phenomenon of writing.
Keywords: Writing, evolution of writing, complex adaptive systems.
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